Integrative Assessment of Stormwater Infiltration Practices in Rapidly Urbanizing Cities: A Case of Lucknow City, India

The lack of strategic planning in stormwater management has made rapidly urbanizing cities more vulnerable to urban water issues than the past. Low infiltration rates, increase peak river discharge, and recurrence floods waterlogging are clear signs unplanned rapid urbanization. As with many other low middle-income countries, India depends on its conventional centralized drains for managing runoff. However, absence a robust policy governed by state, impact trickles down municipal level negative outcome can be clearly observed through failure drainage systems. This study examines role onsite decentralized facilities, as successfully adopted some higher income under physical social variability context metropolitan city Lucknow, India. Considering 2030 Master Plan Lucknow city, this investigated viability facilities. Gridded ModClark rainfall-runoff modeling was carried out Kukrail basin, an important basin city. HEC-HMS model, inside watershed system (WMS), used simulate runoff multiple scenarios land use rainfall intensities. With facilities part measures, discharge reduced range 48% 59%. Correlation analysis regression were applied understand relationship. Furthermore, drastically